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Happy Wheels: Manish Mansukhani (left),
wife Nishta, and their child Rishabh pose happily next to a
financed sedan |
Buy now, pay later. Use plastic. Take a personal
loan. Save on rent and taxes by taking a housing loan. They're
queueing up to give you money |
Oh Lord won't you buy me a Mercedes-Benz
My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends
Worked hard all my lifetime, no help from my friends,
So Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz
When
the late Janis Joplin, high-priestess of the sixties' anti-establishment,
bawled out this ditty, rebellion was in, scowling at materialism
was fashionable, excess was the way to go, and death was just around
the next bend. Yeah right, it's tough to imagine such times existed.
They surely don't exist now, and when Mercedes Benz actually had
the gall to use that song as a jingle in a television commercial,
it was apt testimony to the fact that Joplin, her Lord and her angst
against America's business culture all died not too long after she
did. And yes, so what if the Lord and your fair-weather friends
won't help you out with that three-box-with-the-three-pointed-star
purchase-your friendly-neighbourhood auto financier is itching to
lend a hand.
Sorry Janis, but you're just not relevant any
longer. Today's measure of success isn't a sad song. Rather, it's
the home you buy, the car(s) you drive, the number of (overseas)
vacations you take, the underwear brand you pick, and the surround-sound
system on which you listen to (and view) Britney Spears fantasising
about her loss of virginity. What's more, you aren't feeling guilty
about such indulgences, the way perhaps your parents did. Also,
unlike your parents, you don't think debt is a four-letter word,
and that stashing up money for the geriatric phase is an imperative.
You love debt, credit turns you on, and plastic is your muse. You
are part of the Great Indian Credit Economy, you're a perfectly
round peg in a perfectly round hole, you want to live forever, and-scream
it aloud-you're enjoying every minute of the ride.
Of course it wasn't always this way. Remember
those times (if you don't you could ask your parents about them)
when interest rates were so high that taking a loan to buy a house
meant either buying a house in the distant boondocks or sponging
off your parents to pay those monthly installments (or probably
both); when buying a scooter (the Bajaj Chetak, what else!) meant
breaking the piggy bank and then settling into a six-month wait;
when the only roadworthy car was the Maruti (the others to their
credit did have four wheels), and amongst the many people you envied
and despised were those inside those dainty little Japanese boxes.
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CHANDA KOCHHAR
Executive Director, ICICI Bank
Universal bank ICICI is an aggressive
player on the loans front. Predictably, its executive director
speaks of the freedom to borrow to meet aspirations |
Then economic reforms happened. As the private
banks began opening the purse strings, and, more recently, as interest
rates softened, you slowly began to start believing that being the
proud owner of a home and senility didn't necessarily have to coincide;
that you could actually be inside one of those Japanese four-wheeled
contraptions (and in the process become a part of the envied and
the despised). And, no, you don't have to wait for anything, any
longer. The consumer finance jockey calls you up at least once a
month, pleading you to take a personal loan. The housing finance
firm ends the sanction-to-disbursement rigmarole in 10 days flat.
And you never run out of cash. Because the automated teller machine
is just outside your home, or your office or, come to think of it,
your favourite watering hole.
''The two biggest freedoms that the Indian
consumer got over the last decade are the freedom of transacting
(through ATMs, call centres, internet banking, etc) and that of
borrowing to meet the rising aspirations,'' says Chanda Kochhar,
Executive Director, ICICI Bank. To be sure, this has been possible
because the banks themselves have changed their method of operating
over the past 10-12 years. ''(Earlier), the function of banks was
to collect deposits from people and lend them to the industry at
a fat margin,'' explains Vivek Kudva, Country Head, Personal Financial
Services, India, HSBC. Since industry was in need of funds, the
banks had an upper hand in the deal. Result? Service as a concept
was alien. These days, the corporates (at least the top end ones)
don't need to depend on banks for funding, as they can access cheaper
and easier money from other sources like the capital markets.
So as banks are forced to turn to retail as
a lending avenue, you, dear consumer, have become king (well, almost).
The housing finance sector reflects best the revolution that's taken
place in the retail lending space. In fact, the concept of housing
finance was non-existent till the late seventies when HDFC was born.
Between 1981 and 1991 the mortgage rates remained constant, but
post-liberalisation, once the market began determining interest
rates, housing loans became more affordable. ''Mortgages coming
down to 8-9.5 per cent from 16 per cent just a couple of years back
has been responsible for the boom in the housing finance sector.
The means for a desire to own property has become a lot easier,''
observes Kudva. The loan multiple (number of times the annual salary
to determine loan eligibility), which was around 12 times (15 for
metros), has come down to around three now. Add to this the realistic
property prices, along with the tax breaks for the housing sector,
and it's easy to see why consumers like you prefer shelling out
monthly installments rather than the same amount as rent.
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KEKI MISTRY
Managing Director, HDFC
From plain-vanilla home loans in the
seventies to home extension, renovation, and floating rate loans
in 1999, HDFC has kept pace with the needs of the consumer |
Housing finance firms in turn are riding the
boom by bring in dollops of innovation, in the guise of loan swaps,
floating rate loans, tailor-made loans etc-products that were unheard
of even five years ago. And it isn't as if the banks' benevolence
ends once you've moved into your new home.
You can borrow to furnish, or to renovate it.
''We have kept pace with the needs of a consumer from a plain vanilla
home loan in the seventies to home extension and renovation products
to introducing floating rate product for the first time in the country
in 1999,'' says Suresh Menon, Head (Western Region), HDFC. Moving
into that dream house is just the beginning of the consumer finance
food chain. When the pioneer in the Indian consumer loans business,
Citibank, says, it knows ''the fastest way to bring home happiness,''
it isn't kidding.
For its part, Citi can take much of the credit
for the ''buy now pay later'' phenomenon that's taken urban India
by storm. Credit cards are no more a status symbol, cars no more
a luxury-80 per cent of car sales are financed by loans-CTVs, ACs,
DVDs and other abbreviated durables are par for the course, education
can be bankrolled, and even your vacations can be taken care of
by equated monthly installments. And you can even take a loan just
just for the heck of it, and decide what to do with it once the
money is disbursed ''The profile of the Indian economy is changing
on the back of the number of poor becoming mass, the mass becoming
affluent and the affluent getting rich. Availability and affordability
of finance has bought about this change,'' declares ICICI Bank's
Kochhar. That explains why the average age of a home loan customer
today is 33-35 as compared to 45-50 in the eighties.
Clearly, if there was something like a consumerist
nirvana, this is the closest you would have ever got to it post-liberalisation,
post-socialist India, post-Independence. And, by the looks of it,
with interest rates set to soften further, and more products and
services set to invade the market place, the party appears to have
only just begun. There is of course a downside to all this. Debt
traps and credit card overspends will eventually become issues,
but then a little pain for so much pleasure is inevitable, right?
If you spot the potholes quick enough, you'd be sure to enjoy the
ride. Naturally the ride would be smoother in a Mercedes-Benz.
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