Kiran
Karnik, my friend and co-refugee from TV land, is not going to like
this. Carrying on in the fine tradition of Dewang Mehta, his Nasscom
team has been evangelising the virtues of the Indian software services
industry. This is our stairway to heaven-our redemption lies in
it services I am told, and in its sadly-named cousin, it-enabled
services. A mantra chanted in the pink pages, and in every other
business plan I come across.
My reaction? I feel like the boy who hesitantly
suggests that maybe, perhaps, just possibly the emperor has no clothes.
There, I said it. I really believe that our
focus on it services and it-enabled services will be the downfall
of India. Not only will it not take us up to those giddy heights
where we're supposed to belong, it will have a terrible fall and
leave behind a swathe of destruction, despair, and gloom deeper
than that of the last six months.
First, let's understand what terms like it
services, it-enabled services and business process outsourcing really
mean. Just this: "We'll do it cheaper because we have cheaper
people." Oh, there's a fancy term for this too: labour arbitrage.
The business looks great on a spreadsheet.
But work at one, and you'll know life is nothing like what MS Excel
suggests. I did, for four years, at a US consulting firm that went
the commodity it services route. I joined when it had 80 people,
and left when it had 800 and a decent listing on Nasdaq, only to
see it crash and burn to bankruptcy at 9,000-plus people in a couple
of years.
The issue is this: there's really nothing to
an IT services firm. Go abroad and say you can do asp, c++, com,
CORBA, DCOK, EJB... going alphabetically all the way to XML. Some
client says okay, but my current guy quotes me $20 an hour-how low
can you go? You want the business, and say $15.
You get the business. Do a project. Go back
to bid, find there's even more competition. Your brother-in-law's
new firm is quoting $10 an hour. So you now quote $7.50 for high-end
work-about what a burger-flipper at McDonalds makes in Podunk, USA.
And you stretch at the seams, wondering when that glory, that Nasdaq
listing, those millions of dollars will come your way.
Could I save you the bother and say it won't?
Because, in any commodity business only volume leaders survive,
that too by cutting cost of production and retail price lower than
everybody else. What's true of potatoes is also true of projects.
Every single large Indian it services company-and you know who I
am talking of-is now quoting south of $15 an hour for work compared
to north of $100 an hour a year ago. And they are still not getting
enough to keep their people busy.
So what happens to their numbers? If I had
100 people, hired them out at $50 an hour, and was at 100 per cent
capacity, I'd make $12 million a year, almost half being profits.
I'd be public. Now my investors want me to do $18 million next year.
But the rate's fallen to $15. And I can only utilise 75 per cent
of capacity. What do I need to do? Find enough work and hire 600
people to do it. And my margins? Deep in the gutter. Stock price?
Well, if the Indian market worked on fundamentals, and thankfully
it doesn't yet, no it company would even be in three figures today.
Ever wondered why virtually all public it services
firms in US have collapsed? Will we be any different? Investors
look at a simple number: revenue per employee-and only companies
with products or intellectual property can see that measure heading
upwards.
What's the way out? Either stay a small, private
firm specialising in high-priced work and forget about going public.
Or move now, into products. The rest of us are condemned to lower
margins, competition from China with an arguably better record at
mass production of commodities, and a future down in the dumps.
Mahesh Murthy, an angel investor, heads Passionfund.
He earlier ran Channel V and, before that, helped launch Yahoo and
Amazon at a Valley-based interactive marketing firm. Reach him at
Mahesh@passionfund.com.
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